Tchaikovsky's Complete Symphonies
Tchaikovsky's Complete Symphonies
The Gramophone Choice
Symphonies Nos 1-6. Violin Concerto in D, Op 35. Piano Concerto No 1 in B flat minor, Op 23. 1812 Overture, Op 49. Capriccio italien, Op 45. Eugene Onegin – Polonaise; Waltz. Marche slave, Op 31. The Nutcracker – Suite, Op 71. Romeo and Juliet Fantasy Overture. Serenade in C, Op 48. The Sleeping Beauty – Suite. Swan Lake – Suite. Variations on a Rococo Theme, Op 33
Christian Ferras, Michel Schwalbé (vns) Mstislav Rostropovich (vc) Sviatoslav Richter (pf) Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Vienna Symphony Orchestra / Herbert von Karajan
DG 463 774-2GB8 (8h 51' · ADD/DDD) Recorded 1962-80. Buy from Amazon
Karajan was unquestionably a great Tchaikovsky conductor. Yet although he recorded the last three symphonies many times, he did not turn to the first three until the end of the 1970s, and then proved an outstanding advocate. In the Mendelssohnian opening movement of the First, the tempo may be brisk, but the music’s full charm is displayed and the melancholy of the Andante is touchingly caught. Again at the opening of the Little Russian (No 2), horn and bassoon capture that special Russian colouring, as they do in the engaging Andantino marziale, and the crisp articulation in the first-movement Allegro is bracing. The sheer refinement of the orchestral playing in the scherzos of all three symphonies is a delight, and finales have great zest with splendid bite and precision in the fugato passages and a convincing closing peroration.
The Polish Symphony (No 3) is the least tractable of the canon but again Karajan’s apt tempi and the precision of ensemble make the first movement a resounding success. The Alla tedesca brings a hint of Brahms, but the Slavic dolour of the Andante elegiaco is unmistakeable and its climax blooms rapturously. No doubt the reason these early symphonies sound so fresh is because the Berlin orchestra was not over-familiar with them and clearly enjoyed playing them. The sound throughout is excellent. It gets noticeably fiercer in the Fourth Symphony, recorded a decade earlier, but is still well balanced. The first movement has a compulsive forward thrust and the breakneck finale is viscerally thrilling. The slow movement is beautifully played but just a trifle bland. Overall, though, this is impressive and satisfying, especially the riveting close.
DG has chosen the 1965 recording of the Fifth, rather than the mid-’70s version, and was right to do so. It’s marvellously recorded (in the Jesus-Christus-Kirche): the sound has all the richness and depth one could ask and the performance too is one of Karajan’s very finest. There’s some indulgence of the second-subject string melody of the first movement. But the slow movement is gloriously played from the horn solo onwards, and the second re-entry of the Fate theme is so dramatic that it almost makes one jump. The delightful Waltz brings the kind of elegant warmth and detail from the violins that’s a BPO speciality, and the finale, while not rushed Mravinsky-fashion, still carries all before it and has power and dignity at the close.
The Pathétique was a very special work for Karajan (as it was for the Berlin Philharmonic) and his 1964 performance is one of his greatest recordings. The reading as a whole avoids hysteria, yet the resolution of the passionate climax of the first movement sends shivers down the spine, while the finale has a comparable eloquence, and the March/Scherzo, with ensemble wonderfully crisp and biting, brings an almost demonic power to the coda. Again the sound is excellent, full-bodied in the strings and with plenty of sonority for the trombones.
The String Serenade is digital, brightly recorded in the Philharmonie in 1980, but naturally balanced. Marvellous playing. The Waltz, with a most felicitous control of rubato, is the highlight, and the Elégie is certainly ardent; and if the first movement could have been more neatly articulated, the finale has tremendous bustle and energy. As for the concertante works, the account of the glorious Rococo Variations with Rostropovich is another classic of the gramophone, even though it uses the truncated score. The First Piano Concerto is a disappointment, with Richter and Karajan failing to strike sparks as a partnership. In spite of brilliant solo playing, the first movement lacks supporting tension in the orchestra, and in the finale you can sense Richter wanting to press forward, while Karajan seems to hold back: the coda itself hangs fire in the orchestra. Similarly Ferras was not an ideal choice for the Violin Concerto. Not all will take to his somewhat febrile timbre, with its touches of near-schmaltz. But the performance as a whole works better than the Piano Concerto.
Romeo and Juliet is finely done, passionate and dramatic, if not quite so spontaneously inspired as Karajan’s early VPO version for Decca, especially at the opening. But Marche slave, ideally paced, is very successful, sombre and exciting by turns. Capriccio italien and 1812 are both brilliantly played, and the triptych of ballet suites can be recommended almost without reservation, with the Sleeping Beauty suite memorable for some very exciting climaxes.
Even with the reservations about the two concertos, this bargain box is a fine investment, and certainly value for money. The documentation is excellent.
Additional Recommendation
Symphonies Nos 1-6. Manfred Symphony, Op 58. Capriccio italien, Op 45. Serenade in C, Op 48. The Tempest, Op 18. Romeo and Juliet Fantasy Overture. Eugene Onegin – Polonaise
Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra / Andrew Litton
Virgin Classics 561893-2 (7h' · DDD) Buy from Amazon
Here’s another of those extraordinary Virgin bargain boxes, offered at an astonishingly low price. These Tchaikovsky performances would be highly recommendable if they cost twice as much, while the recordings – realistically set back in a concert-hall acoustic – are superb, full-bodied, and wide-ranging and brilliant. The playing of the Bournemouth orchestra may not always be quite as polished as, say, the BPO for Karajan but it’s still very, very good indeed: ensemble is as keen as it’s passionately responsive. Moreover Litton has a natural ear for Tchaikovskian detail – time and again he draws the listener to revel in those delightful orchestral touches with which Tchaikovsky embroiders his melodies.
Litton gets off to an outstanding start with Nos 1 and 2, where the atmosphere is imbued with bonhomie and high spirits; he readily disguises the structural flaws of the Polish Symphony with his geniality and a clever ebb and flow of tempi; in No 4 you’re more aware of the slight distancing of the sound, which he matches by his spacious tempo in the first movement; the same broad approach works less well in No 5, where you need more impetus in the outer movements; but he’s back on form in No 6. There the phrasing of the first movement’s secondary theme is ravishing, and the climax is as powerful as the cumulative peak of the Scherzo/March. In Manfred his emphasis is on its programmatic basis, with tenderly delicate and splendidly dramatic moments.
The extra items are all enjoyably spontaneous. The Capriccio italien has visceral thrills and panache, the String Serenade is warmly romantic; and both Romeo and Juliet, matching romantic pathos with passion, and the underrated but masterly Shakespearean Tempest are among the highlights.
